HOW TO DRAW HUMAN FACES
We already looked at capturing a likeness, but heads and faces are some of the trickiest things to draw, so let’s focus specifically on those parts. Because we spend all day looking at them, we are very aware when something is a little off in a drawing or painting. While lots of repetition and direct observation are the most important things you can do to sharpen your skills, here are some useful tips to keep in mind as you practice drawing a head.
1. Know your proportions.
Heads are not perfect circles, and they are not perfect ovals either. You can think of them as kind of egg-shaped, with the tapered end toward the bottom. Of course this varies depending on the actual person and the angle you are seeing them from. But let’s start with a an egg…
2. Refine the jawline.
If you are drawing woman, this egg shape might do well to describe her jawline, but let’s say we’re drawing a man with a slightly more angular jaw, and flatter chin. Let’s bring the jawline out.
3. Where to place the eyes?
Well, we have a tendency to think the eyes are closer to the top of the head than the bottom, because they are the highest facial feature. But that’s not really the case.
As you can see, the eyes are just about halfway between the bottom of the jaw and the top of the head. There is a lot of head above the eyes, as any of us with a receding hairline know. But I skipped a step here– how far apart should the eyes be? How big should they be?
4. A good rule of thumb is that the head is about 5 eyes wide.
That means the gap between the eyes where the bridge of the nose is located is about the same width as the face on either side of the eyes. Like any rule of thumb, it’s important to remember this isn’t always the case, and that this applies only to drawing the face head-on in a portrait.
6. Now let’s place the ears.
Locate the tops just above the eyes, and bring them down to a point almost halfway from the eyes to the bottom of the jaw. Depending on the person, the ears can stick out a lot or a little, so there’s not a good rule for that other than careful observation.
Well, what do you know, now you have a great idea about where to locate the nose!
7. Add the nose.
Noses do vary quite a bit in width, so keep that in mind. The sides of this guy’s nose extend a little past the inside corners of his eyes.
8. The mouth is a bit trickier.
Rather the mouth itself being halfway from the earlobes to the jawline, use that halfway point for the bottom lip. The width of the corners of the mouth often extend to about the location of the iris in the eyes above.
9. Eyebrow placement.
This is another feature that varies greatly from person to person. Do keep in mind each eyebrow is generally wider than the eye below it. The also tend to be thickest toward the bridge of the nose and taper toward the sides of the face, where they often also sweep downward.
10. Don’t make the mistake of placing the hair on the very top of the head!
The hairline is typically about 1/4 to 1/3 of the way from the top of the head to the eyebrows.
These proportions work just as easily for a woman. Adjust the jawline to be a little more rounded, make the ears a bit smaller and the neck a little narrower and you have a pretty convincing female face.
The other cool thing about knowing your proportions is you can use them to draw a head in profile too! Just extend your proportion lines across and you have a great way to keep your head proportions consistent.
FEW STEPS THAT FOCUS ON THE PROPORTIONS
- Lightly sketch a vertical line down the center.
- then draw a horizontal line halfway between the top and bottom of the oval. This line will give you the eye placement.
- Divide the remaining space below in half and make a line there. This will be for the base of the average-length nose.
- Divide the space below that into thirds. The mouth will be at the top of those thirds; the rest will be the chin.
- The nose is narrowest between the eyes and widest at the nostrils. Notice how the tip turns under. Everyone’s nose is unique, and if you are doing a portrait, capturing someone’s nose exactly will give your drawing more authority.
- On either side of this, draw ears. Notice that the ears stick out wider at the top and then come in near the lobes. Some lobes are attached and some are loose. Ears are pretty complicated to draw – keep them simple at first until you get an idea of their construction.
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Make a flat, rounded “V” shape that is dips below the lowest line. That will be the bottom of the lower lip. Join that smile line with a wide, soft “M” shape—the top of the upper lip. Draw a very soft “m” shape between the two, which defines the separation of the lips, and the lip ratio. Moving the mouth up or down, and making the top and bottom lips with different proportions will help vary the look of the face you’re drawing.
- Hair is hard to draw, but start off with lines . Is the hair straight? Parallel lines curving around the head. Is the hair curly? Curved lines. Notice how curly hair breaks into clumps composed of parallel strands.
- The neck is thicker than we like to think. The sides start at the top of the jaw line and go down on a curve.
- You can add a shirt, jacket, turtleneck—even nothing at all. The type of clothing you add will give your drawing some sense of time and place.
FROM DIFFERENT ANGLES
MOVEMENT OF THE HEAD
SHADOWS
http://drawasamaniac.com/2012/12/how-to-draw-the-human-head.html
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